1. Thermal decomposition ntawm ammonium metavanadate
Lub ntsiab lus: Cov cua sov ammonium metavanadate (nh₄vo₃) los rhuav tshem nws rau hauv v₂o₅, ammonia (nh₃), thiab dej.
Cov kauj ruam:
Khoom: Ntshiab ammonium metavanadate (nh₄vo₃).
Tso kev sov:
Qhov chaw nh₄vo₃ hauv cov ntoo khaub zig crucible.
Sov maj mam nyob rau hauv ib muffle cua sov kom400-500 degreenyob rau hauv cov kev tswj hwm.
Lus teb pauj ib yam:
2Nh4Vo3 → Δ δv2o {{{4 4}} h2o ↑ + {{{{} ↑ + h2 o ↑
Cua txias: Cia cov khoom kom txias rau hauv ib puag ncig qhuav.
Huv: Zuaj lub txiaj ntsig txiv kab ntxwv-liab hmoov thiab khw muag khoom hauv desiccator.
Sau ntawv:
Avoid overheating (>600 DEGree) los tiv thaiv kev txiav txim ib nrab ntawm v₂o₅ kom txo qis oxides (piv txwv li, vo₂).
Siv cov hood fum to ven toxic nh₃ roj.
2. Acid nag lossis daus los ntawm kev daws teeb meem vatadate
Lub ntsiab lus: Acidify sodium vanadate (navo₃) los nag ntsis v₂o₅, ua raws los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej.
Cov kauj ruam:
Dais Sodium Vanadate:
Npaj ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm navo₃ hauv dej kub.
Sam thiaj li:
Ntxiv Dilute sulfuric acid (h ₂so₄) txau kom txog thaum ph ~ 2-3.
Ib lub txiv kab ntxwv liab-txiv kab ntxwv cua dag ntawm cov v₂o₅ (hu ua "ncuav mog qab zib liab") cov ntaub ntawv:
2 {{{1} h2so4 → v2o5⋅nh2o ↓ + ↓ → v2 o5 ↓ + na2 so4
Kev lim: Sau cov precipitate ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev.
Lub cev tuag:
Qhuav nag ntawm120 QibTxhawm rau tshem tawm cov dej saum npoo av.
Xam ntawm500 degreekom tau txais anhydrous v₂o₅:
V2o5⋅nh2o → → → → {{4 {}}}} ↑ v2 o5 ⋅nh2 o5 + nh2 o ↑
Sau ntawv:
Siv cov tshuaj anided ntxiv kom zam dhau kev ua pa ntau dhau, uas yuav yaj tau cov nag lossis daus.
3. Oxidation ntawm Vanadyl Sulfate (Voso₄)
Lub ntsiab lus: Oxidizing vanadyl sulfate (Voso₄) nrog hydrogen peroxide (h₂o₂) los ua v₂o₅.
Cov kauj ruam:
Npaj Vosoø Kev daws: Daws Voso · Xhau hauv dilute hatso₄.
Oxidation:
Ntxiv tshaj 30% h₂o₂ rau cov tshuaj nrog nplawm.
Maj mam maj mam rau60-80 degreeTxhawm rau ua kom nrawm qhov kev tawm tsam:
2Voso {{{{1} h2o2 ↓ v2o5 ↓ + h2o2voso4 + h2 ↓ + h2 so4 + h2 o
Pom kev thiab ntxuav: Sau cov dej nag thiab ntxuav nrog dej distilled.
Kom qhuav: Qhuav ntawm100-150 degreekom tau txais v₂o₅ ntshiab.
Sau ntawv:
Tshaj dhau h₂o₂ yuav tsum tau decomposed (piv txwv li, los ntawm boiling) kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom seem.
4. Electrochemical oxidation
Lub ntsiab lus: Electrolytic oxidation ntawm vanadium hlau lossis qis dua oxidation oxidation nyob rau hauv acidic media.
Teeb tsa:
Naj hoom: Vanadium hlau lossis v₂o₃.
Electrolyte: Dilute hatso₄ lossis hnoos.
Fai fab hov ntau: Siv tshuaj voltage los tswj hwm oxidize vanadium rau v⁵⁺.
Lus teb pauj ib yam:
V→V5++5e−V→V5++5e−V5++3H2O→V2O5↓+6H+V5++3H2O→V2O5↓+6H+
Sau ntawv:
Yuav tsum muaj kev tswj cov pH thiab voltage.
