Kev lag luam ntau lawm feem ntau yog qhov txo ntawm silica nrog carbon nrog carbon hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev siv tshuaj yog li nram no: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev sib npaug rau cov txheej txheem no yog raws li hauv qab no:
Sio₂ + 2 c → si + 2 co. Lub txiaj ntsig silicon yog 97-98% ntshiab thiab yog li ntawd cais raws li nws yog hlau silicon. Cov ntaub ntawv yog ces yaj thiab recrystallized, thiab impurities raug tshem tawm nrog cov kua qaub los ua cov hlau silicon nrog lub purity ntawm 99.7-99.8%.
Silicon hlau tau tsim los ntawm silicon thiab yog li ntawd muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau silicon. Silicon muaj nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv alotropic: Amorphous silicon thiab crystalline silicon. Amorphous Silicon yog grey- cov hmoov dub uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ib hom microcrystal. Silicon lub crystalline qauv zoo li pob zeb diamond, thiab nws ua rau cov khoom muaj yam ntxwv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm semiconductors. Lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm silicon yog 1410℃thiab qhov cub npau npau yog - 2355 degree. Nws muaj mohs hardness ntawm 7 thiab nkig. Amorphous silicon yog tshuaj ua siab txaus siab thiab tuaj yeem hlawv thaum muaj cov pa oxygen. Thaum nce qhov kub thiab txias, nws nyiam nrog cov tsis muaj hlau xws li halogens thiab carbon, nrog rau cov hlau xws li cov hlau thiab hlau, los ua cov txhab. Amorphous silicon yog suab insoluble hauv txhua inorganic acids, suav nrog cov kua qaub hydrofluoric acid. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog soluble hauv kev sib tov ntawm nitric thiab hydrofluoric acids. Amorphous silicon tuaj yeem yaj nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov sodium hydroxide rau tso cov roj hydrogen roj. Crystalline silicon, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog qhov tsis sib xws thiab tsis hnov mob thiab tsis hnov mob nrog oxygen txawm tias kub. Nws yog insoluble nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov inorganic thiab organic acids, tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv kev sib tov ntawm nitric thiab hydrofluoric acids thiab nyob rau hauv concortrated sodium hydroxide tov.