Ferrochrome smelting: txheej txheem, qib thiab kev siv
Cov ntawv xov xwm · silicon{0}}metal.ru · Hloov kho 08/10/2026 · Kuaj rau kev ua raws li GB/T 5683 (2024)
Cov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb
Ferrochromium (FeCr) - yog ib qho alloy ntawm chromium thiab hlau, thiab yog lub ntsiab chromium carrier rau stainless hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog austenitic qib 300 series.
Cov chav kawm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon: cov pa roj carbon ntau (feem ntau 4-9% C), cov pa nruab nrab (0.5-4% C), qis carbon (C Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5%), thiab micro carbon (C Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.15%, huv qib qis dua lossis sib npaug li 0.06%). Cov ntsiab lus chromium nyob rau hauv cov qib txheem feem ntau yog 50-70%.
High-carbon ferrochrome yog tsim los ntawm carbothermic txo ntawm chromite (chrome ore, coke, quartzite flux) nyob rau hauv lub ore-thermal rauv.
Nruab nrab - thiab qis-carbon ferrochrome yog tsim los ntawm refining high-carbon alloy - los ntawm oxygen decarburization los yog silicothermal txo nyob rau hauv oscillating ladles; Lub tshuab nqus tsev decarburization yog siv rau cov qib uas muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg.
Carbon chav ciam ciam yog ua raws li cov qauv xws li GB/T 5683 (tam sim no tsab 2024); Ib txwm paub meej qhov tseeb nrog rau tus neeg muag khoom daim ntawv pov thawj xeem.
ferrochrome yog dab tsi?
Ferrochromium (FeCr) - yog ib qho alloy ntawm chromium thiab hlau, feem ntau muaj50-70%chromium los ntawm qhov hnyav. Nws yog tsim los ntawm smelting chromite ore thiab yog txoj kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxiv chromium rau hlau. Chromium - yog dab tsi muab stainless hlau nws corrosion kuj: 300-series austenitic qib xws li 304 thiab 316 feem ntau muaj approx.16-20%chromium. Vim tias chromium feem ntau yog muab los ua cov hlau tsis yog cov hlau ntshiab, kev tsim cov hlau tsis huv thiab cov hlau yog nyob ntawm ferrochrome ua lub ntsiab ntawm chromium.
Ferrochrome qib los ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon
Ferrochrome yog cais los ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus carbon vim tias carbon zoo heev cuam tshuam tus cwj pwm ntawm cov hlau thaum ntxiv rau cov kua hlau. Cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm hauv Suav Tebchaws Tus Qauv GB / T 5683 (thawj tshaj tawm xyoo 1987, hloov kho hauv 2008 thiab 2024) yog siv dav hauv kev yuav khoom. Cov nqi hauv qab no yog qhov raug; cov ntsiab lus txhais yog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov qauv tam sim no los yog tus neeg muag khoom daim ntawv pov thawj.
| Hom chav kawm | Cov ntsiab lus carbon (C) | Hom Chromium (Cr) Cov ntsiab lus | Main ntau lawm txoj kev |
| Cov pa roj carbon ntau | 4-9% (feem ntau 4-8%) | 50-70% | Carbothermic txo nyob rau hauv ore-smelting rauv |
| Nruab nrab carbon | 0.5-4% | 50-70% | Refining ntawm high-carbon FeCr (oxygen los yog silicothermic txoj kev) |
| Tsawg carbon | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.5% | 50-70% | Kev txo qis silicothermic, feem ntau hauv cov thoob oscillating |
| Microcarbon | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.15% (purer hom Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.06%) | 50-70% | Kev kho kom zoo nkauj tob; Lub tshuab nqus tsev decarburization rau ultra-low carbon ntsiab lus |
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo yog raws li kev coj ua hauv kev lag luam thiab cov ntawv teev qib txheem; Rau qhov txwv tsis pub, thov xa mus rau cov qauv tsim nyog (piv txwv li, GB / T 5683-2024) lossis daim ntawv pov thawj tsim khoom.
Yuav ua li cas high-carbon ferrochrome yog smelted
Cov khoom siv raw
Nyob rau hauv smelting ntawm high-carbon ferrochrome, peb lub ntsiab predominate: chromite ore (ib qhov chaw ntawm chromium, feem ntau yog chromium-hlau oxide spinel), coke (ib tug txo tus neeg sawv cev), thiab quartzite los yog quartz (lub siliceous flux uas tsim cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov slag). Qee cov nroj tsuag ua ntej ua cov ore rau hauv fluxed sinter los yog pellets kom ruaj khov rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm thiab rho tawm chromium.
Carbothermic txo nyob rau hauv ore-smelting rauv
Classic txoj kev - txo carbothermic nyob rau hauv ib tug ore-smelting rauv (ORF). Cov pa roj carbon electrodes yog immersed nyob rau hauv tus nqi, thiab hluav taws xob tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv generates tshav kub. Thaum da dej kub feem ntau tshaj1600 degree, carbon txo chromium thiab hlau oxides hauv chromite. Txij li thaum chromium muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov pa roj carbon, cov hlau txo qis absorbs carbon los ua chromium carbides - uas yog vim li cas cov pa roj carbon ferrochrome muaj4-9%carbon. Cov alloy thiab txiv qaub-nplua nuj slag yog sib cais los ntawm ntom thiab tso tawm nyias. Tom qab tso tawm, cov hlau yog poured, txias, crushed thiab sorted rau hauv feem rau tus me nyuam.
Technical Note:Cov pa roj carbon tsis "kua chromium carbide lossis nce chromium oxide"; carbon txo cov chromium oxide nyob rau hauv cov ore, thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau nyob rau hauv cov hlau yog vim tsim ntawm carbides thaum lub sij hawm txo cov txheej txheem.
Kev tsim khoom nruab nrab - thiab qis-carbon ferrochrome
Nruab nrab - thiab qis carbon qib tsis ncaj qha smelted; Lawv yog tsim los ntawm refining high-carbon ferrochrome los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon thaum txwv tsis pub chromium rau cov slag. Ob txoj kev siv tswv yim dominate:
Oxygen refining:Cov kua roj carbon monoxide FeCr yog purged nrog oxygen nyob rau hauv lub converter (ib qho kev xyaum zoo ib yam li argon / nqus pa decarburization (AOD / VOD) ntawm stainless hlau). Carbon hlawv tawm ntawm yaj; Qhov tshwm sim chromium oxide yog tom qab ntawd txo rov qab nrog tus neeg sawv cev txo qis xws li silicon chromium lossis txhuas.
Silicothermic txo (hauv lub thoob pob zeb):chromium ore, txiv qaub thiab kua silicon-chrome (Si-Cr alloy) yog tov nyob rau hauv ib tug rocking ladle. Silicon txo cov chromium oxide thiab tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon, tso cai rau nruab nrab - los ntawm ferrochrome ncaj qha.
Rau cov qib qis carbon thiab micro carbon qib, lub tshuab nqus tsev decarburization lossis ntxiv cov kauj ruam ua kom zoo yog qhov raug. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua txoj kev no - carbon tswj: chromium carbide tsim yog nyiam nyob rau hauv qis kub, yog li tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon tsis dhau oxidation ntawm chromium rau hauv slag txiav txim siab qib zoo thiab tawm los.
Txheej txheem sib piv: High Carbon vs. Nruab nrab / Tsawg Carbon
| Kev ntsuas | High Carbon FeCr | Nruab nrab- / qis carbon FeCr |
| Txoj kev yooj yim | Carbothermic txo (smelting) | Refining High Carbon FeCr |
| Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb | Ore thermal rauv (ORF) | Oxygen converter, rocking thoob, lub tshuab nqus tsev |
| Tus neeg sawv cev txo qis | Coke | Silicone chrome (los yog txhuas hauv qee cov thev naus laus zis) |
| Kev tswj cov pa roj carbon | Zoo siab heev (feem ntau 4-9% C) | Lub hom phiaj tshem tawm mus txog 0.5-4% C lossis Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5% C |
| Tus nqi txheeb ze | Hauv qab ib tuj ntawm chrome | Siab dua (ntxiv lub zog, khoom siv, txheej txheem txheej txheem) |
| Daim ntawv thov | Stainless hlau thiab carbon hlau ntau | Steels thiab alloys nrog nruj carbon txwv |
Daim ntawv thov
Stainless hlau (cov neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws):austenitic qib ntawm 300- series (piv txwv li, 304, 316) siv high- lossis nruab nrab-carbon FeCr ua lub ntsiab ntawm chromium; Ferritic thiab martensitic qib ntawm stainless hlau siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws nyob ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau.
Alloy thiab structural steels:chromium nce hardenability, hnav tsis kam thiab kub tsis kam nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej, bearing steels thiab tshav kub-resistant alloys.
Cam khwb cia hlau thiab castings:Ferrochrome additives nce hardness thiab abrasive tsis kam ntawm dawb cam khwb cia hlau thiab hnav qhov chaw.
Tshwj xeeb hom:Tsawg- thiab micro carbon ferrochrome raug xaiv qhov twg cov pa roj carbon monoxide yuav txo qis cov khoom kawg, xws li cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab cov alloys precision.
Zog thiab ib puag ncig yam
Smelting hauv ore-thermal furnaces yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov ferroalloys; kev siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau2500-3500 kWhib tuj ntawm alloy, nyob ntawm seb ore zoo, qhov cub loj thiab kev xyaum ua haujlwm. Kaw qhov cub tsim qauv ntes cov pa khib nyiab thiab plua plav, thiab cov nroj tsuag niaj hnub ntes thiab kho cov txheej txheem gases tsis yog tso rau hauv qhov chaw. Slag yield yog siab - feem ntau yog ib tuj lossis ntau tshaj ib tuj ntawm cov hlau (feem ntau nyob ntawm cov ore) - yog li slag recycling (kev tsim cov aggregates, metallurgical siv) thiab lub luag haujlwm pov tseg kev coj ua yog cov txheej txheem ib puag ncig hauv kev lag luam. Chromium extraction, tswj plua plav thiab tswj dej yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig hauv txhua qhov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Cov lus nug nquag
B1. ferrochrome siv rau dab tsi?
Ferrochrome yog lub ntsiab lag luam chromium carrier hauv steelmaking. Feem ntau yog siv los ntawm kev lag luam stainless hlau; FeCr additives kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hlau hlau, cov cuab yeej hlau thiab cov hlau cam khwb cia hnav-resistant.
B2. Qhov txawv ntawm siab - thiab qis carbon ferrochrome yog dab tsi?
Hauv cov ntsiab lus carbon. High carbon FeCr feem ntau muaj4-9% Cthiab yog tsim ncaj qha los ntawm kev txo qis carbothermic; Tsawg carbon FeCr (C Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5%) yog tsim los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua cov pa roj carbon ntau kom tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas ntxiv cov nqi tab sis tsim nyog rau cov hlau nrog cov kev txwv nruj.
B3. Lub qhov cub twg yog siv los ua cov pa roj carbon monoxide ferrochrome?
Ore-smelting furnace (ORF), nyob rau hauv uas carbon electrodes yog immersed nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm chromite ore, coke thiab quartzite flux, thiab resistive cua sov ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm carbothermic txo. Hauv qee thaj chaw, DC arc rauv tau muab kaw.
Q4. GB / T 5683 tus qauv tswj hwm dab tsi?
GB/T 5683 - yog Suav lub teb chaws tus qauv rau ferrochrome, suav nrog kev faib cov qib los ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon (siab-, nruab nrab-, qis- thiab microcarbon), tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov cai lees paub. Tam sim no tsab - GB/T 5683-2024; xyoo 2008 tau muab tso tseg lawm.
B5. Chromium ntau npaum li cas hauv ferrochrome?
Feem ntau50-70%chromium los ntawm qhov hnyav nyob ntawm hom; cov khoom siv hauv paus muaj approx.60%Thiab70% Cr. Cov nuj nqis raug qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pov thawj xeem nrog rau txhua pawg.
B6. Puas yog ferrochrome smelting zog siv zog?
Yog lawm. Smelting hauv ore-thermal furnaces yuav tsum muaj hluav taws xob ntau - feem ntau hais txog2500-3500 kWhib tuj ntawm alloy (nyob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab ore) - Qhov no yog vim li cas kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim khoom yog ze ze rau cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab vim li cas kaw qhov cub nrog cov roj rov qab yog cov qauv hauv cov nroj tsuag niaj hnub no.
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