Muaj txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim cov vanadium pentoxide (V2O5)

Kev Qhia Txog Kev Qhia·Scope ntawm kev siv:industrial ntau lawm · Parameters marked as "ib txwm" yog qhov qhia tau hais tias ntau yam ntawm kev lag luam kev coj ua thiab luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv; cov tuam txhab tiag tiag kho lawv nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom siv.

Cov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb

Kev lag luam feem ntau V2O5 yog tsim los ntawm vanadium slag (ib yam khoom los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm vanadium-}titanium magnetites) es tsis yog los ntawm kev smelting ncaj qha ntawm cov ore.

Txoj kev thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb yog roasting nrog sodium ntsev (feem ntau yog 750-850 degree) tom qab leaching, nag lossis daus - feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) - thiab calcination.

Kev rov ua dua ntawm kev siv SCR- thiab sulfuric acid catalysts yog ib qho chaw thib ob, txo qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom noj pub dawb.

Cov txheej txheem sib npaug yog qhov tseem ceeb: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv roasting ntawm vanadium spinel converts FeV2O4 rau dej-soluble NaVO3.

Kev tshem tawm cov roj purification, vanadium tailings thiab kev kho dej khib nyiab - yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig niaj hnub ua raws li V2O5 cov chaw tsim khoom.

1. Taw qhia

Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) - yog cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam vanadium. Nws yog ib qho khoom noj rau ferrovanadium thiab vanadium alloys siv nyob rau hauv high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels, thiab kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv oxidation catalysts, tshuaj thiab electrolytes rau vanadium flow batteries. Kab lus no piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas V2O5 yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam qib: cov khoom siv raw siv, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, txoj hauv kev rau kev rov ua dua cov peev txheej thib ob thiab kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig uas nrog kev tsim khoom.

2. Cov khoom siv raw rau kev lag luam ntau lawm ntawm V2O5

2.1 Vanadium slag los ntawm vanadium-titanium magnetite

Cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb yog vanadium slag. Vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate yog smelted rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub tawg; Lub vanadium yog ces xaiv oxidized rau hauv vanadium-nplua nuj slag los ntawm converter overflow (BOF) txheej txheem extraction. Cov ntsiab lus V2O5 nyob rau hauv xws li slag yog kwv yees li 8-20%. Nws yog cov slag no, thiab tsis yog cov ore nws tus kheej, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm feem ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb no V2O5 ntau lawm.

2.2 Vanadium-cov kabmob coal

Vanadium-bearing bituminous thee (carbonaceous shale), ua tiav hauv Suav teb, yog qhov thib ob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus vanadium raug kwv yees li 0.5-1.5%. Vim hais tias nws cov vanadium yog finely dispersed thiab feem ntau khi rau hauv aluminosilicate lattices, thee yuav tsum tau roasting (feem ntau nrog ntsev) los yog ncaj qha acid leaching, thiab kev tswj ntawm impurities yog nyuaj dua nrog slag.

2.3 Siv cov catalysts thiab lwm qhov chaw

Siv vanadium catalysts los ntawm sulfuric acid nroj tsuag thiab xaiv catalytic txo (SCR/DeNOx) systems muaj xws li V2O5 qib ntawm li 3-10% thiab yog ib tug zoo-tsim kev pab cuam theem nrab. Vanadium-muaj roj av residues, ya tshauv thiab boiler plua plav muab cov peev txheej rov ua dua tshiab.

2.4 Thawj vanadium ore

Tshwj xeeb vanadium minerals xws li vanadinite thiab patronite tau keeb kwm mined nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam xws li Peru thiab sab hnub poob Tebchaws Meskas. Niaj hnub no lawv yog cov chaw me me; Cov khoom siv coj mus muag yog muab los ntawm cov slag, thee thiab cov khoom siv thib ob.

3. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: los ntawm slag mus rau V2O5

Txheej txheem daim duab:Vanadium slag → crushing thiab sib tsoo → sib tov nrog Na2CO3 (+ NaCl) → roasting nrog sodium ntsev (feem ntau 750-850 degree, oxidizing cua) → leaching nrog dej kub los yog dilute H2SO4 → sodium metavanadate tov (NaVO3) → purification → hydrolysis ntawm ammon acid (NaVO3) ncuav mog qab zib") → calcination (feem ntau yog 400-500℃rau NH4VO3; 500-600℃rau ncuav mog qab zib liab) → V2O5 (cov qib coj mus muag ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 98%).

3.1 Kev npaj cov khoom siv raw

Vanadium slag yog crushed thiab hauv av rau ib qho kev nplua nuj, ces tov nrog dej qab zib tshauv (Na2CO3) thiab, nyob ntawm seb lub tswv yim, nrog sodium chloride (NaCl) raws li ib tug flux. Lub hom phiaj - yog kom tau ib homogeneous sib tov kom cov tom ntej firing yuav zoo hloov lub vanadium theem.

3.2 Tua nrog sodium ntsev

Ci hauv qhov chaw oxidizing hloov cov vanadium spinel hauv cov slag rau hauv dej-soluble sodium metavanadate. Ib qho yooj yim raug tshuaj tiv thaiv rau spinel tivthaiv FeV2O4 zoo li no:

$$4\\text{FeV}_2\\text{O}_4 + 4\\text{Na}_2\\text{CO}_3 + 5\\text{O}_2 \\rightarrow 8\\text{NaVO}_3 + 2\\text{Fe}_2\\text{O}_3 + 4\\text{CO}_2\\uparrow$$

Cov xwm txheej raug tua: 750-850℃hauv qhov chaw oxidizing, lub sijhawm nyob ntawm cov khoom siv raw (feem ntau ntawm kaum feeb mus rau ob peb teev). Lub qhov rais kub yog tswj nruj heev: ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 900 degrees, sodium ntsev pib sinter thiab yaj, uas impairs vanadium extraction.

3.3 Kev hloov pauv

Cov clinker hlawv yog leached nrog dej kub (los yog dilute sulfuric acid rau high-calcium raw khoom) kom yaj NaVO3. Cov residue insoluble (vanadium tails) yog cais los ntawm kev pom los yog countercurrent ntxuav thiab muab pov tseg raws li kev lag luam pov tseg.

3.4 nag lossis daus ntawm vanadium - ob txoj kev

Txoj Kev A (qhov loj): ammonium metavanadate.Ammonium chloride los yog sulfate yog ntxiv rau purified vanadate tov thiab ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) precipitates ntawm ib tug raug pH ntawm 7-9. Lub precipitate yog lim thiab ntxuav; nws yog tus qauv kev lag luam nruab nrab ntawm kev daws thiab oxide.

Txoj Kev B (acid hydrolysis): "dawb ncuav mog qab zib".Cov tshuaj vanadate tuaj yeem acidified nrog H2SO4 rau ib qho pH ntawm 2-3, ua rau nag lossis daus ntawm hydrated vanadium oxide hu ua liab ncuav mog qab zib (V2O5 nH2O):

3.5 Calcination

Ammonium metavanadate decomposes thaum rhuab (feem ntau 400-500 degree):

Lub ncuav mog qab zib liab yog ci ntawm 500-600 degrees kom tshem tawm cov dej hydration. Cov khoom lag luam yog qib kev kawm V2O5 (feem ntau ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 98%), nrog cov qhab nia feem ntau ntsib Suav kev lag luam tus qauv YB / T 5304 rau vanadium pentoxide.

4. Kev ua cov kev pab cuam thib ob

4.1 Siv cov catalysts los ntawm SCR thiab sulfuric acid ntau lawm

Cov catalysts siv yog leached nrog alkali (NaOH) los yog acid (H2SO4) kom yaj vanadium. Cov cawv yog huv si los ntawm kev kho cov pH kom tshem tawm cov hlau, txhuas thiab silicon, thiab tom qab ntawd cov vanadium rov qab los siv tib cov nag lossis daus thiab calcination raws li hauv thawj lub voj voog. Qhov no yog ib qho kev lag luam tsim kev lag luam uas hloov cov khib nyiab pov tseg rau hauv cov khoom siv raw ntawm vanadium.

4.2 Roj residues thiab ya tshauv

Vanadium-muaj roj av residues, tshauv thiab boiler plua plav yog thawj zaug rau oxidative roasting los hloov sulfides thiab qis oxides rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv leachable. Qhov no yog ua raws li hydrometallurgical ua (leaching, purification thiab nag lossis daus). Qhov no tso cai rau kev rov qab los ntawm vanadium uas tsis tas yuav ploj lossis xa mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg.

5. Lwm txoj hauv kev thiab pheej hmoo

5.1 Chlorination

Rau qee cov khoom siv qis lossis nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem, chlorination nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog siv, uas ua rau lub volatile vanadium oxytrichloride (VOCl3):

VOCl3 tuaj yeem ua kom huv los ntawm distillation thiab tom qab ntawd hydrolyzed rau V2O5 lossis txo rau vanadium hlau. Kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab chlorine tuav nce peev thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam, yog li txoj kev no yog siv xaiv ntau dua li tus qauv.

5.2 Bioleaching

Microbial leaching (xws li sivAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) tab tom kawm rau qib qis thiab nyuaj raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab feem ntau tau piav qhia tias yog ib qho kev sib raug zoo rau lwm txoj hauv kev rau roasting. Tam sim no, nws yog ntau dua ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab ua qauv qhia ntau dua li kev lag luam loj rau V2O5 ntau lawm.

6. Kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig

Ib tug niaj hnub, raws li V2O5 cov nroj tsuag ntau lawm tswj peb kwj:

Cov pa roj carbon monoxide:hmoov av, sulfur dioxide (los ntawm sulfide-muaj raw cov ntaub ntawv), carbon dioxide thiab - nyob rau hauv chlorination schemes - chlorine thiab chlorides. Cov kev tswj hwm muaj xws li lub hnab lim, ntub dej txhuam thiab alkaline scrubbers.

Khoom seem:vanadium tailings thiab slag residues raug soj ntsuam rau leachability thiab pov tseg ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb uas muaj chaw pov tseg lossis muab tso rau kev siv tau zoo (qee qhov seem tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lwm qhov kev lag luam).

Cov dej khib nyiab:muaj vanadium, sulfates, ammonium nitrogen (los ntawm txoj kev ammonia) thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm chromium los yog arsenic nyob ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Kev kho mob feem ntau suav nrog neutralization, nag lossis daus, ammonia stripping lossis rov qab, thiab lub voj voog dej kaw.

Kev lag luam zoo tshuab feem ntau ua raws li ISO 9001, thiab cov khoom lag luam hauv Suav teb raug tswj los ntawm kev lag luam tus qauv YB/T 5304. Cov kev txwv ib puag ncig yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv siv hauv lub tebchaws.

7. Los ntawm V2O5 mus rau cov khoom kawg

Feem ntau V2O5 raug txo rau ferrovanadium (FeV) rau alloying steel; txheej txheem kev lag luam yog aluminothermic thiab silicothermic txo. Lwm qhov chaw suav nrog kev tsim cov vanadium hlau thiab vanadium-aluminium alloys rau titanium alloys, oxidation catalysts thiab electrolyte rau vanadium flow batteries. Txhua daim ntawv thov tom qab teev nws tus kheej cov kev xav tau purity, uas yog vim li cas nag lossis daus thiab calcination cov kauj ruam (piv txwv li saum toj no) yog li tswj kom zoo.

8. Cov lus nug nquag nug (FAQ)

B1. Dab tsi yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom ntawm V2O5?

Vanadium slag tau txais thaum lub sij hawm converter overflow (BOF) extraction vanadium los ntawm vanadium-titanium magnetite cam khwb cia hlau. Coal thiab siv catalysts yog ib qho tseem ceeb thib ob thiab cov khoom siv hauv cheeb tsam.

B2. Vim li cas kev tua hluav taws ua nrog sodium ntsev?

Roasting nrog Na2CO3 (thiab NaCl raws li cov flux) hloov cov refractory vanadium spinel rau hauv dej-soluble sodium metavanadate (NaVO3), uas tuaj yeem leached rau hauv cov tshuaj nrog cov feem pua ​​​​rov qab zoo. Lub qhov rais hluav taws kub kub yog 750-850 degrees.

B3. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ncuav mog qab zib liab thiab ammonium metavanadate?

ncuav mog qab zib liab (V2O5·nH2O) yog npaj los ntawm acidifying ib vanadate tov rau pH 2–3; Ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) yog precipitated nrog ammonium ntsev ntawm pH 7-9. NH4VO3 yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam nruab nrab vim nws muab cov khoom siv huv huv thiab ua rau cov khoom tsis huv yooj yim los tswj.

Q4. Puas muaj peev xwm rov qab tau V2O5 los ntawm cov catalyst siv?

Yog lawm. Siv SCR- thiab sulfuric acid catalysts yog leached nrog alkali los yog kua qaub, cov tshuaj yog purified, thiab vanadium yog muab rho tawm siv tib "te los nag-calcination" tswvyim xws li thaum ua hauj lwm nrog thawj raw cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog ib qho kev xyaum ua.

B5. Puas yog bioleaching siv rau vanadium ntawm kev lag luam nplai?

Tsis tau ntawm ib pawg loj. Bioleaching ntawm vanadium-muaj feedstocks yog nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab ua qauv qhia theem; roasting thiab hydrometallurgy tseem yog lub ntsiab lag luam thev naus laus zis.

B6. Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig hauv V2O5 ntau lawm?

Tawm-gases (plua plav, SO2, chlorides), vanadium leaching tailings thiab dej khib nyiab uas muaj vanadium, sulfates thiab ammonium nitrogen. Kev tswj hwm tus qauv ntsuas - roj tu, kev tsim cov khoom pov tseg thiab kev kho cov dej khib nyiab kaw.

[Qhov chaw rau kos duab (pom zoo): ntxig thaiv- txheej txheem ntawm sodium roasting thiab leaching ntawm no. Tawm tswv yim lwm cov ntawv nyeem: "Roasting nrog sodium ntsev thiab leaching ntawm vanadium slag los tsim sodium metavanadate tov"; kab lus: "Daim duab 1. Daim duab qhia yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem sodium roasting los ntawm vanadium slag rau V2O5."]

Nco tseg:Txhua qhov "ib txwm" tsis yog qhov qhia tau los ntawm kev coj ua hauv kev lag luam thiab luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv; Ua ntej scaling, xyuas kom lawv phim koj cov khoom noj thiab khoom siv. Cov qauv (YB/T 5304, ISO 9001) tau hais nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem; Tsis muaj ib phau ntawv sau tseg.